French+Colonies

Information by the French Colonies group in Period 3. project by Bri Adams, Alexis Dayton, Marinah Edwards, Paul Moon, Gina Moravec, and John Rhodes =__**NEW FRANCE**__= The French people wanted to discover valuable resources, expand their territory, and spread their religion to the natives. They settled in Canada, the Mississippi Valley, and along the Gulf Coast. Some of the settlers of New France were indentured servants, the government paid their way to the Americas in return for two to three years of work. Many of these men did not intend to stay in the new land, they just wanted to come for a temporary period of time to make money. The French did not like the cold climate or the poor living conditions in New France. They had been used to good living conditions in Europe. Some of them did stay but many of them returned home to France.

__//**FRENCH GOVERNMENT IN NEW FRANCE**//__
The French tried to govern New France like they did Europe. They had a three part government made of checks and balances.
 * 1) Governor General
 * 2) Finance official
 * 3) Church offlicial

__//**ECONOMIC MOTIVES OF THE FRENCH**//__
In order for a colony to be a success there has to be natural resources which are valuable to a group of people. When the French were exploring the Americas, they found value in the following goods.
 * __//**Whaling**//__
 * __//**Fisheries**//__
 * __//**Fur Trade**//__
 * **//__Sugar__//**

__//**Whaling**//__
Whale meat and fat were valuable, blubber was used to make oil for lamps. This was a seasonal activity and involved a small portion of the New France population but continued throughout the regime of France in North America and was profitable.

**__//Fisheries//__**
There was fishing for trade. Fishing was very active during Lent (Catholic Church), which required numerous fast days where meat could not be consumed, but fish in the European diet was allowed. The settlers dried the fish to ship them back to france. In 1580, fur trading became more profitable and the ship owners preffered to take the furs instead of the fish back to France.

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__//**Fur Trade**//__
The French were allies with the Native Americans. The natives would hunt the animals such as beavers and deer to trade with the French for goods such as glass beads, pots, gold, and guns. Many French trappers lived with the Indians and even married into the tribes. The French then sent the furs back to Europe. Beaver was in high demand and sold for a lot of money. []



__//**Sugar**//__
In the sixteen hundreds France set up colonial establishments in the Caribbean. Later, during the Seven Year Wars the British captured some of the Islands. France was able to keep several of these Caribbean islands in the Treaty of Paris agreement in 1763. The French maintained sugar plantations on these Caribbean islands which were very profitable.

__//**POPULATION**//__ The French had a small population in New France but a lot of land. The settlements were made up of indentured servants, trappers, missionaries, priests and some officials. The French leaders wanted people to think they were the masters of the natives but the French colonists knew the settlements existed from the consent of the natives. Many of these people were from Western France. In order for a colony to survive there must be men and women in a colony. There was a small ratio of women in New France.

__//**Kings Daughters**//__
The population of New France remained thinly poulated. The king offered women in an orphanage in Paris a sum of money to come to New France and marry the men to try to increase the population. []



__//**Native Americans and New France relationships**//__
The French were friendly with the Native Americans and asked them to help them with their animal trapping. The French knew little about New France and relied on the expertise of the natives. The French men did not mind living in mixed colonies with priests, traders, missionaries, and the natives. Many even married indian women. The French paid the indians with guns, ammunition, alcohol, clothing, pots,and glass beads. This created a partnership, the natives were reliant on the French and the French were reliant on the natives. The indian way of life was changing which was disrupting their traditions. Many of the natives became alcoholics, they had never had alcohol before the Europeans introduced it to them. Many of the tribes had clan animals that they worshipped as sacred. When other tribes began killing these animals for fur it caused conflicts amongs the different tribes. The indians were also losing their skills to be self sufficient and were relying on manufactured goods.

__//**Slavery**//__
[] In the history of the Atlantic slave trade, the French turned four times as many Africans into slaves as the Americans,and they used them much more brutally. French slavery continued until 1830. ||

__//**RELIGION AND NEW FRANCE**//__
New France was primarily Catholic. The missionaries who came to New France did not have much financial backing in France. They received private donations. These people were educated but did not understand the native cultures. They also brought diseases which killed many of the natives. Due to the Catholic Counter-Refrormatioin in 1634 the Jesuits renewed their mission to convert the Native Americans. The French colonists included Jesuit preists and missionaries. New France, unlike New England, never became a refuge for religious minorities. These missionaries managed to convert very few natives and eventually stayed in New France to support the Europeans who were in the settlements.

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//**__DISEASE__**//
The people and animals that came from Europe to America brought with them infectious diseases. Native populations had no immunity. Cholera, influenza, measles, scarlet fever, smallpox, tuberculosis, typhoid fever and yellow fever killed 90% of the native people. Many of the French settlers also got sick and died from diseases. Poor personal and public hygience caused many outbreaks of epidemics. Poor diets and vitamin deficiences were also a problem. Poor medical care contributed to many of these deaths also.

//**__COLLAPSE OF NEW FRANCE__**//
In 1682, De La Salle discovered the Louisiana Territory which controlled the mouth of the Mississippi river. This threatened the English and Spanish settlements because the French controlled a main waterway. The English began undermining the French by selling the Indians rum and manufactured goods at a lower price. The French began to move West into the Great Plains and introduced guns to the native tribes to become their allies as they had done previously. This threatened the Spanish Empire, France and Spain became enemies for the first time. The Spanish and English began to undermine the French alliances with the natives. The French Government in Europe thought the America experiment was a failure, New France was costing more money than it was making. England, Spain, and France all wanted to win the allegiance of the Indian Tribes. This sparked the French - Indian Wars from 1689 to 1763. The French as a result of these wars, gave England the North American Territories in the 1763, Treaty of Paris. As a result of theFrench-Indian wars, England was exhausted of funds. This is a major reason why England began to tax the 13 American colonies, which in turn sparked the American Revolution. =__//**Citations**//__= []

//Canadian Museum of Canada, Virtual Museum of New France//

 * VMNF Core Team** Yves Monette, Ph.D., Curator, Quebec Archaeology, Canadian Museum of Civilization Jean-François Lozier, M.A., Curator, Canadian History Before 1800, Canadian Museum of Civilization Jean-Pierre Hardy, Ph.D., historian Caroline Jobin, researcher
 * Principal Collaborators** Founding Sites: Raymonde Litalien, Ph.D., archivist and historian, Library and Archives Canada Expansion and Alliances: Arnaud Balvay, Ph.D., historian Immigration: Leslie Choquette, Ph.D., historian, Assumption College Slavery: Arnaud Bessières, Ph.D., historian, CIEQ – Université de Montréal Religious congregations: Claire Gourdeau, M.A., historian Foodways: Yvon Desloges, Ph.D., historian Entertainment: Gilles Proulx, Ph.D., historian Health and Medicine: Stéphanie Tésio, Ph.D., historian

**//The Colonization of North America - The French Settlements, DVD, Goldhill Entertainment 2007//**
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**__//Citation sites for photos//__**
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[|http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=French+Fur+Trade&FORM=IQFRDR#x0y309]

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[] __**//Activity 1//**__

**//Notecards//**
//**__Activity 2__**// //**__Review Game__**//

**//Questions-//**
__ Colonial differences between European Powers (France, England, Spain): __
 * 1) ** How economic motives or choice of individuals or governments shape their colonial development in the New World? **Some of the economic motives that helped shape their colonial development in the new world are whaling, sugar, fishery, and the fur trade. About 50 years ago, a colony called New France began to thrive. French colonists used fur trades to make their colonies grow rapidly. While Catholic priests wanted to convert Native Americans. The French developed friendlier relations with Native Americans, because they relied on the Native Americans to most of the work. The Native Americans trapped animals and traded with the them for fur. The trade relationship eventually led to military alliances. Later, the Dutch established a colony called New Netherland. The Dutch founded the town of New Amsterdam located on Manhattan Island. On Columbus' second voyage in 1493 he brought sugar cane to Hispaniola. He found ideal conditions for sugar productions. The French went fishing for whales and used the blubber for the oil in lamps. The French also used fish for trading and it was valuable during Lent (Catholic church).
 * 2) ** How did the religious reasons for the Europeans coming to North America help shape their colonial development in the New World? **The religious reason why the Europeans came to North America shaped the their colonial development in the New World by them setting up their colonies by making them congregations or a group of people brought together by religious reasons. Which is the main reason the Pilgrims came to American, to find religious freedom from the English Catholic Church. When colonies were formed many founders had the base of religious freedom as the devolvement went on. This in turn made the colonies grow from many people wanting to escape persecution because of what their religion. The freedom of religion was so like by the colonists they continued in our constitution today, and is a very respected right.
 * 3) How did competition between control of territory and resources in the New World lead to conflicts between European powers in the New World? Conflict with New France started in 1682, when De La Salle discovered the Louisiana Territory. This controlled the mouth of the Mississippi River and as a result threatened the English and Spanish settlements because the French controlled a main waterway. As the French moved west into the Great Plains, they indroduced guns to the Native Americans and became allies with them. The Spanish were threatened by this and, for the first time, became eneimes with the French. By seeing the French and Natives together, England and Spain underestimated them. England, Spain, and France all wanted to be allied with the Native Americans. This desire sparked the French and Indian war that happened between 1689 to 1763. In the end, the French gave England the North American territories with the Treaty of Paris. England soon suffered from a lack of funds.
 * 4) ** How did racial discrimination or slavery develop in the colony? Describe the attitude in the colony was it one of tolerance or prejudice? **In the French colonies in Canada racial discrimination didn’t really develop to a point where it was a major issue. They probably had a couple racial problems with the fur traders, but none were known with the Jesuits priests. Although in the French colonies in the West Indies they had over one million slaves. While the British North America had only about 500,000 slaves. The French used more than 4 times the Africans slaves than America did, and they also used them more brutally.
 * [] This is an informative video about the french coming to the Americas.**
 * My Corrections**
 * 1) Corrected the word **confict** to conflict
 * 2) Fixed the sentence “The religious reason why the Europeans came to North America shaped **the** their colonial development in the New World by them setting up their colonies by making them congregations or a group of people brought together by religious reasons.” To “The religious reason why the Europeans came to North America shaped their colonial development in the New World by them setting up their colonies by making them congregations or a group of people brought together by religious reasons.”
 * 3) Changed the sentence “The freedom of religion was **so like** by the colonists they continued in our constitution today, and is a very respected right.” To “The freedom of religion was liked by the colonists they continued in our constitution today, and is a very respected right.
 * 4) Changed this sentence “The French used **as** more than 4 times the Africans slaves than America did, and they also used them more brutally.” to “The French used more than 4 times the Africans slaves than America did, and they also used them more brutally.”